SURGERY

Cesarean section

The cesarean section involves the extraction of the fetus from the dam, through a surgical opening in the abdominal wall and the uterus. It is commonly indicated in cases of dystocia when a calf cannot be delivered by a normal parturition.

Abdominal Surgery

Severe Acidosis, Distended abdomen, Over Grain Feeding, Ingestion of foreign objects.

Hernia repair (Umbilical)

During umbilical hernia repair, the surgeon makes a small cut of about 2 to 3 cm at the base of the belly button and pushes the fatty lump or loop of bowel back into the tummy. The muscle layers at the weak spot in the abdominal wall where the hernia came through are stitched together to strengthen them.

Teat laceration repairs

Teat lacerations are catastrophic injuries in dairy cattle. They are often self-inflicted when the cow stands, and can occur in tie stalls or free stall barns. They have multiple configurations. If not repaired promptly, they can have serious consequences for the future of the animal.

Teat obstruction

Teat obstructions (teat peas) are usually the result of proliferation of granulation tissue after the occurrence of a teat injury. Obstructions are usually recognized when they interfere with milk flow, one quarter remaining all or mostly unmilked.

Castration

Removal or destruction of the testicles or ovaries using radiation, surgery, or drugs. Medical castration refers to the use of drugs to suppress the function of the ovaries or testicles.

Upward Patellar Fixation

Upward fixation of the patella is a common surgical problem in cattle and buffaloes. It is characterized by temporary or permanent dislocation of the patella from its regular position with difficulty during locomotion.

Dermoid Cyst

Dermoids are a relatively rare congenital anomaly in cattle. They have been reported in most breeds of cattle and are generally diagnosed in very young calves. The hair that grows from the dermoid causes severe irritation resulting in epiphora, ocular discharge, blepharospasm and corneal ulceration.

Atresia Ani

Atresia ani is the congenital condition in which calves are born with either a small opening or no opening at all at the anus due to a failure of the anal membrane to break down.

Navel ill

Navel ill occurs shortly after birth when bacteria from the environment or skin are able to enter the calf through the navel and cause an infection or abscess in the umbilical (navel) area.

Fractures

Fractures are commonly encountered in bovines, resulting from a self-inflicted trauma or external factors such as herd mate or farm machinery. The prognosis depends on the severity of injury (open or closed), bone involved, location, and type of fracture.

Knuckling of Fetlock

Knuckling refers to flexion of the fetlock joint caused by damage to spinal cord, nerves, muscle or tendons. There may be partial flexion where the soles of the hooves are bearing weight, or extreme flexion where the front of the pastern is bearing weight. Many injuries or conditions may cause knuckling.

Gangrenous mastitis

Bovine gangrenous mastitis is an acute or peracute condition involving one or more quarters of the cow’s udder. It occurs infrequently, but when it occurs, mortality of the affected cows is high.

Enucleation

Enucleation is the surgical removal of the entire eyeball leaving behind the lining of the eyelids and muscles of the eye.

Amputation

In cattle, digit amputation is performed successfully in animals of various age and production types. The procedure is simple with a quick return to previous production. Limb amputation is not frequently performed because of the weight of the animal and long aftercare.

Penile Surgery

Separate the penis from the surrounding tissues and pull it caudally and dorsally. A large carmalt can be inserted between the penis and pelvis to help retract the penis. At least 6 cm of penis should be exposed without tension to prevent subcutaneous retraction postoperatively.

Cecal Torsion

Distension of the caecum, torsion or retroflexion of the organ, additional distension of the spiral colon.

Urethral Extension Surgery

It is indicated for urine pooling that does not respond to Caslicks and/or perineal body transection.

Cosmetic Dehorning/Disbudding

Surgical dehorning is most commonly indicated in adult animal due to trauma (horn breakage), scurs

or missed dehorning. Adult cattle may be surgically dehorned if not dehorned at an earlier age; however, horn tipping is preferable.

Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome

sudden anorexia and depression, sudden and pronounced drop in milk production. abdominal distention and pain, with kicking at the abdomen.

Hock Surgery

Accidental Injury

Upward Patellar Fixation

It is characterized by temporary or permanent dislocation of the patella from its regular position with difficulty during locomotion.

Wart Removal

Large pedunculated lesions may be removed either surgically or by tying off using a suitable ligature around the base.

Orthopedic procedures

Reluctance to move, Exhibit signs of pain when defecating and may stand with an arched back, Fracture.

Dental surgery

Painful lesions in the mouth. Irregular and sharp molars causing injuries to the tongue and cheek.

Different lateral movements of the jaws.

Foreign body and tumor removal

Pain, Nasal drainage, coughing and wheezing, Breathing problems.

Grain Poisoning

Profuse scouring of pale, smelly feces is evident. As grain poisoning becomes worse, the heart and respiration rates increase, while body temperature remains normal or is below normal. Rumen contractions may cease altogether and the animal may appear bloated.

Urolithiasis

If they are large enough, uroliths may block the normal drainage of urine from the kidney to the bladder, or from the bladder to the penis. This prevents the animal from passing urine, and causes a condition called obstructive urolithiasis. In cattle, most reported cases occur in steers.

Preputial Prolapse

Preputial prolapse refers to protrusion and eversion of inner lining of preputial sheath with no tendency to spontaneous return. The condition occurs commonly in cattle breeds that have long prepuce, large preputial orifice and bulky pendulous sheath.